The statistical mechanical resolution of a thermodynamic “paradox”

We discuss a thermodynamic paradox suggested by Fallows and Greenleaf. Using quantum statistical mechanics, we analyze the problem in detail, showing why no paradox arises.This work was carried out some time ago, circulated as a MIT internal report, and has since enjoyed a modest popularity. We are pleased to publish it more broadly in this volume dedicated to the memory of such an outstanding researcher as Prof. P. Résibois. (MOS)     

核压力容器防止辐照脆化的安全评定

本文结合我国核动力反应堆的实例,首先介绍了设计规范中采用的断裂分析图的评定方法,然后着重讨论一种新的断裂力学的评定方法。结合对容器材料断裂韧性的实验测定,给出了计算结果,绘制了全寿期的安全运行工况图,并对两种方法的结果作了比较讨论。     

消干效应和量子力学新解释的意义

简单介绍了消干 (decoherence)效应以及量子力学的一种新解释———由Griffiths,Gell Mann和Omn埁ｓ等独立提出的“消干历史解释”的由来和要点 ,评述了这一进展在量子理论发展中的意义 .     

变质量非完整系统相对于非惯性系的第一积分与积分不变量

本文给出了变质量非完整系统相对于非惯性系的第一积分存在的条件，建立了这类系统的正则方程和变分方程，证明了由第一积分可直接构造系统的积分不变量，并给出一系列推论和一个例子．     

Adiabatic waves along interfacial layers near the critical pointOndes adiabatiques le long des interfaces près du point critique

Near the critical point, isothermal interfacial zones are investigated starting from a non-local density of energy. From the equations of motion of thermocapillary fluids, we point out a new kind of adiabatic waves propagating along the interfacial layers. The waves are associated with the second derivatives of densities and propagate with a celerity depending on the proximity of the critical point. To cite this article: H. Gouin, C. R. Mecanique 332 (2004).     

On Some Nonclassical Problems of Fracture Mechanics Taking into Account the Stresses Along Cracks

The paper reports on the results from analysis of some nonclassical fracture problems that allow for stresses along cracks. The results have been obtained by the author and his collaborators at the Institute of Mechanics (Kiev) since 1980     

Application of Discrete Element Method for Continuum Dynamic Problems

A new method based on the principle of minimum potential energy is presented, aiming to overcome some weakness of the present discrete element method (DEM). Our primary research is to put forward the DEM with a tight theory base and a fit technique for treating continuum dynamic problems. By using this method, we can not only extend the existing seven-disc model, but also establish a new nine-disc model in a general way. Moreover, the equivalences of two kinds of models have been verified. In addition, three numerical examples of stress wave propagation problems are given in order to validate accuracy and efficiency of the present DEM models and their algorithms. Finally, the dynamic stress concentration problem of a square plate with a circular hole is analyzed.This work was supported by Nation Natural Science Foundation of China (nos. 10232040 and 10572002).     

The motion of rigid rod-like particles suspended in non-homogeneous flow fields

Equations are written for the velocities of rotation and translation of rigid rod-like particles suspended in arbitrary Stokes flows. These make use of the first approximation from slender body theory for the evaluation of drag forces parallel and transverse to the particle axis, and neglect couples induced by shear stress at the particle surface. They are therefore asymptotically valid as the particle axis ratio becomes large. Simple forms of the equations, applying in constant viscosity flows, are solved, where possible analytically and otherwise numerically, and results obtained for particle motion in planar Poiseuille and sink flows. These are discussed and displayed in terms of appropriate dimensionless groups in a comprehensive set of plots, that can conveniently be used to provide information on translational and rotational velocities, and orientation and displacement as a function of time, including particle slip along and across streamlines, for a wide range of cases. In this way the effects of non-homogeneity in the flow fields are quantified.     

A new hybrid stress element method for the analysis of elastoplastic solids

Based on a modified Hellinger/Reissner variational principle which includes the equivalent stress, equivalent plastic strain and non-conforming displacement increments as independent variables, a quadrilateral isoparametric hybrid stress element for the analysis of elastoplastic problem is proposed. By this formulation, the yield criterion and flow rule are satisfied in an average sense and greater accuracy can be obtained by using non-conforming displacement. A numerical example is presented to show that the present model has high accuracy and computational effectiveness.This project is supported by the Natural Science Foundation of the State Education Commission.     

塑料复制光栅研究

本文介绍塑料溶液流延技术复制光栅,用于灯具、电扇、舞台等,成本廉价、工艺简便、适于批量生产,为全息光栅在民用领域中推广具有广泛应用价值。